Infliximab for anoperineal lesions in Crohn's disease: remission appears to be based on rapid combination therapy at high doses

Study Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare in real life the characteristics of treatment with infliximab according to the presence or absence of anoperineal involvement in Crohn's disease. Methods: We performed a single-center, prospective, non-interventional study, on patients with Crohn's disease in remission who had been treated with infliximab for at least 1 year. Patients with poor treatment compliance, on antibiotics, or those with a stoma were excluded. Results: We included 52 patients in this study: 34 with anoperineal lesions with or without luminal lesions, and 18 with luminal lesions only. Patients with anoperineal lesions were more likely to have undergone surgery (70.6% versus 38.9%, p = 0.027), had a shorter median time to infliximab treatment initiation (0.5 versus 5.5 years, p = 0.005), a higher mean dose of infliximab (6.6 versus 5.1 mg/kg, p = 0.015), and were more likely to receive combination treatments including infliximab (52.9% versus 11.1%, p = 0.008) than patients with luminal involvement only. Conclusions In our study, infliximab treatment was initiated more quickly, at higher doses, and more in combination therapy for anoperineal Crohn's disease than for luminal damage alone. Additional studies are required to confirm this finding and to assess the tolerance of this treatment throughout patient management. (AU)

MRI and pathology aspects of hypervascular nodules in cirrhotic liver: from dysplasia to hepatocarcinoma.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been constantly increasing over the last years mainly due to hepatitis C infection and cirrhosis. The new developments in imaging technology, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), allow a better diagnosis of HCC. Cirrhosis is characterized by formation of nodules from regenerative nodules to dysplastic nodules, followed by HCC. Thus, the differential diagnosis of hypervascular hepatic lesions is important, especially in the nodules smaller than 2 cm, although their characterization may be difficult even when histopathology is used. A multistep approach with the comparison of clinical data, pathological findings and imaging features is useful for a more accurate diagnosis. MRI has the ability to assess the same lesions features as CT and to better characterize the enhancement patterns of nodules combined with the lack of irradiation. Moreover, new liver specific contrast agents and imaging techniques as diffusion-weighted (DWI) sequences are available. Regenerative and low-grade dysplastic nodules demonstrate contrast enhancement similar to that of surrounding liver parenchyma, compare to high-grade dysplastic nodules, which may show arterial enhancement similar to that seen in HCC. We present a review of the MR imaging and histopathological features of hypervascular nodules in the cirrhotic liver, with reference to the transition from dysplasia to HCC.

Tumor neoangiogenesis detection by confocal laser endomicroscopy and anti-CD105 antibody: Pilot study.

AIM: To evaluate neoangiogenesis in patients with colon cancer by two fluorescently labeled antibodies on fresh biopsy samples imaged with confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). METHODS: CLE is an imaging technique for gastrointestinal endoscopy providing in vivo microscopy at subcellular resolution. An important question in validating tumor angiogenesis is what proportion of the tumor vascular network is represented by pre-existing parent tissue vessels and newly formed vessels. CD105 (endoglin) represents a proliferation-associated endothelial cell adhesion molecule. In contrast to pan-endothelial markers, such as CD31, CD105 is preferentially expressed in activated endothelial cells that participate in neovascularization. Thus, we evaluated CD105 and CD31 expression from samples of ten patients with primary rectal adenocarcinoma, using a dedicated endomicroscopy system. A imaging software was used to obtain the Z projection of the confocal serial images from each biopsy sample previously combined into stacks. Vascular density and vessel diameters were measured within two 50 µm x 475 µm rectangular regions of interest centered in the middle of each image in the horizontal and vertical direction. The results were averaged over all the patients and were expressed as the mean ± SE. RESULTS: The use of an anti-CD105 antibody was found to be suitable for the detection of blood vessels in colon cancer. Whereas anti-CD31 antibodies stained blood vessels in both normal and pathologic colon equally, CD105 expression was observed primarily in malignant lesions, with little or no expression in the vessels of the normal mucosa (244.21 ± 130.7 vessels/mm(3) in only four patients). The average diameter of anti-CD105 stained vessels was 10.97 ± 0.6 µm in tumor tissue, and the vessel density was 2787.40 ± 134.8 vessels/mm(3). When using the anti-CD31 antibody, the average diameter of vessels in the normal colon tissue was 7.67 ± 0.5 µm and the vessel density was 3191.60 ± 387.8 vessels/mm(3), while in the tumors we obtained an average diameter of 10.88 ± 0.8 µm and a vessel density of 4707.30 ± 448.85 vessels/mm(3). Thus, there were more vessels stained with CD31 than CD105 (P < 0.05). The average vessel diameter was similar for both CD31 and CD105 staining. A qualitative comparison between CLE vs immunohistochemistry lead to similar results. CONCLUSION: Specific imaging and quantification of tumor microvessels are feasible in human rectal cancer using CLE examination and CD105 immunostaining of fresh tissue samples.